20-21 Nov 2025 Bordeaux (France)

Data factories in organizations : new epistemologies, practices and governances

As data production continues to surge (181 zettabytes predicted for 2025 according to the 2021 Statista study), public and private organizations are facing complex issues. Data, far from being simple materials primarily dedicated for commercial uses, are being perceived even more acutely today as “organizational potential” (Dalban-Pilon, 2022) invested with a “strong political stake” (Théviot, 2023) and are in this sense “currencies of power” (d’Ignazio, 2017).

Questions of technical, ethical, info-documentary, regulatory, environmental and logistical nature therefore arise in organizations to process these influxes of heterogeneous data in a digital context which contributes to an inflation of data and calls for new practices of collection, review and treatment by a set of actors often far removed from these considerations.

In this context, the role of “factories” (in the French version we use the word "fabrique" which comes from the Latin fabrica which designates the workshop, the forge but also the craft and the creation) has been highlighted for years in the literature. They are integrated into numerous professional contexts, like journalism (Burnier, 2023), where various production methods are used such as hackathons (Gruson-Daniel & de Quatrebarbes, 2017), data workshops, fablabs (Maynadier, 2023) or even data clinics. To that end, they include a whole set of data such as research data, raw data (Denis & Goëta, 2013), open data (Goëta, 2016), personal data (Girard-Chanudet, 2021) or even big data (Savy et al., 2020).

For this call for papers, we propose to question “data factories” in organizational contexts, by updating the issues, the actors, the permanences and upheavals of logistics and data and information linked professions. From an epistemological point of view, the "data factory" concept, although mentioned numerous times in the literature, does not have an established definition and needs here to be clarified and situated from an organizational point of view. The place of data and information, the links that unite and distinguish them, whether from a documentary point of view or more broadly in terms of governance, must also be questioned within these factories.

The data governance approach aims to organize data practices while integrating them into a strategic dynamic. However, French-speaking scientific literature, despite a desire for clarification (Akoka & Comyn-Wattiau, 2019), is still poorly developed. In the case of Information and Communication Sciences, if several authors have taken up the subject of Information governance (Le Corf, 2020; Maurel, Zwarich & Verlaet, 2022; Verlaet, 2023) and Data governance (Lehmans, 2018; Le Breton et al., 2022; Verdi, Pinède & Melançon, 2024), the current approaches remain few in number and often considered according to specific analytical prisms at the expense of other modalities (Kouakou, 2022; Melançon & Pinède, 2023). Regulatory developments in recent years, such as the Data Act, the Data Governance Act and the IA Act, also raise the question of the organizations sovereignty with regard to their data assets. Ultimately, the scopes, responsibilities and expertise of the actors in theses organizations are changing. As such, the role of information, document and records specialists in these new data and data processing contexts (Maurel et al., 2017) is once again questionned.

Faced with these issues, Cide.24 therefore proposes to question, from an info-documentary perspective revealing both continuities and ruptures, the new epistemologies, practices and governances linked to data factories in different organizational contexts.

References

Akoka, J., & Comyn-Wattiau, I. (2019). Évaluation de la gouvernance de l’information : Une approche multifacette et multicritères. INFORSID 2019 : 37e congrès INFormatique des ORganisation et Systèmes d’Information et de Décision. https://hal.science/hal-02283716

Burnier, C. (2023). Fabriquer des données, produire du sens : Une ethnographie dans les médias. Communication et organisation. Revue scientifique francophone en Communication organisationnelle, 64, Article 64. https://doi.org/10.4000/communicationorganisation.12558

Dalban-Pilon, M. (2022). De la gestion à la gouvernance de l’information interne dans les organisations publiques : Acteurs et stratégies. Communication & management, 19(2), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.3917/comma.192.0045

Denis, J., & Goëta, S. (2013, février 14). La fabrique des données brutes. Le travail en coulisses de l’open data. Penser l’écosystème des données. Les enjeux scientifiques et politiques des données numériques. https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00990771

D’Ignazio, C. (2017). Creative data literacy: Bridging the gap between the data-haves and data-have nots. Information Design Journal, 23(1), 6-18. https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.23.1.03dig

Girard-Chanudet, C. (2021). À l’ombre des rencontres:La fabrique des données personnelles sur OkCupid. Les Cahiers du numérique, 17(1), 45-69. https://doi.org/10.3166/LCN.2021.005

Goëta, S. (2016). Instaurer des données, instaurer des publics : Une enquête sociologique dans les coulisses de l’open data [These de doctorat, Paris, ENST]. https://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0045

Gruson-Daniel, C., & de Quatrebarbes, C. (2017). Les préparatifs d’un hackathon recherche : Au coeur de la fabrique des données. Sociologie et sociétés, 49(2), 201-221. https://doi.org/10.7202/1054279ar

Kouakou, K. S. (2022). La gouvernance de l’information dans les organisations : Proposition d’un cadre unifié d’évaluation.Communication & management,19(2), 101-118. https://doi.org/10.3917/comma.192.0101

Le Breton, M-A., Bailleul H., Le Corf J-B. et al. (2022). La gouvernance des données urbaines entre
territoire de projets et projet de territoire. L’exemple de Rennes Métropole. Flux, 1(127), 65-84. DOI : 10.3917/flux1.127.00656

Le Corf, J.-B. (2020). Du gouvernement des données publiques à la gouvernance informationnelle : Les formes organisationnelles des politiques de données à Rennes. I2D-Information, données & documents,3(3), 34-44. https://doi.org/10.3917/i2d.203.0034

Lehmans, A. (2018). Les réinventions de la démocratie à l’aune de l’ouverture des données : du discours de la participation aux contraintes de la gouvernance. Les Enjeux de l’information et de la communication, (2), 135-146.

Maurel, D., Dufour, C., & Zwarich, N. (2017). La valeur ajoutée de l’archiviste : Nouveaux rôles et nouvelles responsabilités au sein de la gouvernance de l’information. Gazette des archives,245(1), 81-96. https://doi.org/10.3406/gazar.2017.5516

Maurel, D., Zwarich, N., & Verlaet, L. (2022). Introduction. Pouvoir et stratégie des acteurs de la gouvernance de l’information.Communication & management,19(2), 5-10. https://doi.org/10.3917/comma.192.0005

Maynadier, B. (2023). Fablabs, espaces potentiels de fabrication. Management & Avenir, 137(5), 19-40. https://doi.org/10.3917/mav.137.0019

Melançon, G., & Pinède, N. (2023). Gouvernance des données et intelligibilité : Une approche méthodologique en contexte universitaire. Communication et organisation. Revue scientifique francophone en Communication organisationnelle, 64, Article 64.
https://doi.org/10.4000/communicationorganisation.12664

Savy, N., Mayère, A., Martin-Scholz, A., & Lambotte, F. (2020). La fabrique des données à l’épreuve des programmes de big data. Actualité et dossier en santé publique, 112, 27.

Statista. (2021). Volume of data/information created, captured, copied, and consumed worldwide from 2010 to 2020, with forecasts from 2021 to 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/871513/worldwide-data-created/

Théviot, A. (2023). Saisir les données en contexte. Dans Gouverner par les données ? Pour une sociologie politique du numérique (pp. 13-32). Lyon: ENS Éditions. Repéré à http://books.openedition.org/enseditions/44838

Verdi, U., Pinède, N. & Melançon, G. (2024). La gouvernance des données en contexte universitaire : proposition d'un modèle de maturité. INFORSID 2024, Nancy, France, actes de colloque, pp.21-36.

Verlaet, L. (2023). Technologie de l’intelligence et gouvernance de l’information, Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier 3.

   

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